Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM)
The primary goal of the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program is to observe the response of the active layer and near-surface permafrost to climate change over long (multi-decadal) time scales. The CALM observational network, established in the 1990s, observes the long-term response of the active layer and near-surface permafrost to changes and variations in climate at more than 125 sites in both hemispheres. CALM currently has participants from 15 countries.

---

Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P)
The Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost provides information on active layer and permafrost thermal states.

---

Latitudinal Gradient Project (LGP)
The Latitudinal Gradient Project supports scientists in investigations related to the broad theme of ecosystems research.

---

Thermal State of Permafrost (TSP)
The IPA's main contribution to the IPY was the development of a spatially distributed set of observations on past and present status of permafrost temperatures and active layer thicknesses. Emphasis is on permafrost temperatures since there is currently no global database that defines the thermal state of permafrost (TSP) for a specific time period (snapshot).

---

Thermal State of Permafrost in Norway and Svalbard (Norway TSP)
The main objective of TSP NORWAY is to measure and model the permafrost distribution in Norway and Svalbard, including its thermal state, thickness and influence on periglacial landscape-forming processes. The project focuses on empirical and numerical modelling of permafrost distribution and thermal heat fluxes in the ground, to study the impacts of past and future climate variability on permafrost distribution as demonstrated by permafrost landform activity.